从别人说的内容开始
引言
开始正文之前我们先看一个小故事，在一个 Talk 中一个演讲家正在演讲，演讲的核心论文和 Dr.X (一个社会学的著名学者)。演讲者通过大量详细地参考 Dr.X 的各种书籍和文章，并引用其中的长文来阐述他的论点。 可以很明显的感觉到这个演讲者既博学有富有激情，但是当我们却对他的论点有一些困惑——Dr.X 的工作很重要，这我们已经知道了，但是为什么演讲者要把它置为演讲的首位呢？ 有没有反对 Dr. X 的观点呢？ 或者在这个领域里有没有和 Dr.X 论点相反的研究？ 演讲者对 Dr.X 工作的解释是否是一个新的切入点？但是演讲者没有回答上述的任何问题，那我们脑子里就只想知道，你为什么要介绍那么多关于 Dr.X 的工作？一直到演讲者说完了，并且回答完了观众的问题，我们才稍微摸到一些头绪。有一个观众问问题的时候，演讲者补充说道 Dr.X 的工作受到了一些人的质疑。
这个故事告诉了我们一个重要的道理，要让观点成为写作中最重要的东西，作者不仅需要清楚地表明他的论文是什么，还要清楚地表明这个论文要回应什么。 在上面的故事里，演讲者没有说明，这就会导致听众不知道为什么他要说这些东西。 也许对于那些熟悉 Dr.X 工作的研究者，他们可以听懂。 但即使是这些懂王，如果演讲者在对话中表达出自己的主题，他们也会理解的更清楚。
这个故事还告诉了我们一件很重要的事情，演讲（写作）的顺序很重要。你需要先和观众解释清楚自己为什么要这么做。
tip
当你开始一段演讲的时候，从别人说的话开始 "What others saying""，然后再引出自己的东西。在文章开始的时候尽快的总结别人干的事情，将其作为你展开文章的战略点。 一般来说你需要在文章的开头对自己的工作进行简单的总结，并在之后进行详细的展开。
模板
INTRODUCTION WHAT “THEY SAY”
- A number of sociologists have recently suggested that X’s work has several fundamental problems.
- It has become common today to dismiss xxx.
- In their recent work, Y and Z have offered harsh critiques of xxx for xxx.
e.g. Alan have recently suggested that normalization flow can achieve a great results in industry anomaly detection.
INTRODUCTION "STANDARD VIEWS"
下面的模板可以帮助你去书写“standard view”， 或者说去帮助你介绍一个已经被大众所接受的一个概念。
1、People have always believed that xxx.
e.g. People have always believed that the neural network can be attacked by the adversarial example.
2、Conventional wisdom has it that ...
e.g. Conventional wisdom has it that the normalization flow is not suitable for anomaly detection.
4、 It is often said that ...
e.g. It is often said that yolo is the best object detector.
MAKING WHAT "THEY SAY" SOMETHING YOU SAY
另一种介绍你所回应的方法是使用你自己的观点去回复:
1、I’ve always believed that xxx.
e.g. I've always believed that the MobileNet's inference speed is very fast.
2、 When I was xxx, I used to think that xxx
INTRODUCING SOMETHING IMPLIED OR ASSUMED
人们可以采取的另一个复杂的步骤是总结一个观点，这个观点不是直接用“what they say”来陈述，而是隐含的或假设的。
1、Although none of them have ever said so directly, xxxx
e.g. Although none of them have ever said so directly, my teachers have often given me the impression that education will open doors.
2、 One implication of X’s treatment of ... is that ...
e.g. One implication of using adversarial training is that can make the model more robust.
3、Although X does not say so directly, she apparently assumes that ...
4、While they rarely admit as much, ... often take for granted that ...
总结
当继续阅读本系列的笔记时，请千万不要忘记 "What they say"。在接下来的写作过程中，你也要不断提醒读者，你在回应的是针对什么回应的。
你的文章越长越复杂，读者就越有可能忘记你最初的想法是什么——不管你一开始写得多么清楚。 简而言之，它有助于确保你的论点是对他人观点的真实回应，而不仅仅是对某一特定主题的一系列观察。
练习
1、Our experiments suggest that there are dangerous levelsof chemical X in the Ohio groundwater.
Although none of them have ever said so directly, our experiments suggest that there are dangerous levels of chemical X in the Ohio groundwater.
2、Material forces drive history.
People have always believe that material forces drive history.
3、Proponents of Freudian psychology question standardnotions of "rationality."
A number of proponents of Freudian psychology have recently suggested that standard notions of "rationality" are fundamentally flawed.
4、Male students often dominate class discussions.
Conventional wisdom has it that male students often dominate class discussions.
5、The film is about the problems of romantic relationships.
It is often said that this film is about the problems of romantic relationships.
6、I'm afraid that templates like the ones in this book willstifle my creativity.
- I've always believed that templates like the ones in this book will stifle my creativity.